Types of MRSA

Overview

It is important to understand that several mutations of Staph bacteria have resulted in multiple strains of MRSA. These strains are categorized into two groups defined by the location where they commonly occur. These two groups, or types of MRSA are:

• Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and 
• Healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA).

Similarities And Differences Between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA 

CA-MRSA

CA-MRSA is traditionally found in the community setting, and often carries the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. This gene enables it to produce a lethal toxin. 

• The cytotoxin (cell toxin) can destroy both tissue and white blood cells. 
• The PVL gene is rarely found in HA-MRSA and Non-MRSA Staph. 

HA-MRSA

HA-MRSA is traditionally found in the healthcare setting, and often carries a more potent gene for antibiotic resistance. 

• Oral antibiotics are often ineffective, and IV antibiotics are usually required. 

Intermingling of CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA provide the potential for a more powerful super bug in the future. 

Future Concerns

CA-MRSA strains have been found in the healthcare setting, and HA-MRSA strains have been found in the community setting. This intermingling provides the potential for a more powerful super bug in the future.